Enhanced Air Defence Against Growing Threats
Chad has received two FK-2000 air defence systems, sophisticated equipment designed by the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC). These systems are mounted on wheeled vehicles and combine surface-to-air missiles, automatic cannons, radars, and infrared sensors. Their ability to intercept targets up to 25 kilometres away and at an altitude of 12,000 metres makes them particularly suited to counter aerial incursions. This system complements Chad’s existing defence arsenal, as the country faces security tensions with neighbouring Sudan.
A New Geopolitical Dynamic
The delivery of these Chinese systems comes at a time of complex geopolitical developments. Since the outbreak of fighting in Sudan in 2023, which pits loyalist forces of General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan against the paramilitary Forces of Rapid Support (FSR), Chad has had to adjust its diplomatic position. The country distanced itself from some of its traditional partners, notably France, which proposed a neutral stance in the Sudanese conflict—a position not well received in N’Djamena.
At the same time, the United Arab Emirates, acting as mediators in this process, have helped strengthen Chad’s position by providing military equipment and a significant loan of 500 million dollars. These initiatives have allowed Chad to reduce its reliance on Western armaments and move closer to other strategic powers, including China.
A New Alliance with China and Russia?
This transfer of Chinese arms is not an isolated incident. It is part of a broader cooperation between China and Russia, which share common interests in Africa. While China has traditionally been more present in providing armoured vehicles and self-propelled artillery, it has now made inroads into the African air defence market. This move comes after Chad publicly announced its intent to strengthen military ties with Russia in the autumn of 2024. However, it is noteworthy that despite this closer relationship with Russia, Chad chose Chinese systems rather than the well-known Russian Pantsir-S model.
This shift could signal a realignment in defence strategies across Africa. African nations, facing cross-border threats and prolonged conflicts, are increasingly drawn to partners capable of supplying advanced technologies while remaining flexible on political and economic conditions. Chinese support appears to meet these expectations, offering modern defence solutions without the constraints imposed by Western powers.
Implications for the Region and Beyond
The impact of the delivery of Chinese air defence systems to Chad could extend to other African countries. With tensions remaining high in the Sahel and neighbouring regions, particularly Sudan and Libya, other nations may be encouraged to follow Chad’s example. The FK-2000 system, in particular, offers strategic value for many African countries facing similar challenges, particularly with regards to air defence against fighter jets, which, while often outdated, remain operational in some neighbouring countries.
China’s growing role in the African arms supply market could also shift regional strategic balances. While Russia remains a significant player on the continent, its position may be increasingly undermined as China asserts itself as a leading supplier.
Shifting Alliances and Strategic Realignments in Africa’s Defence Landscape
The delivery of FK-2000 systems to Chad not only strengthens the country’s defence capabilities but also marks a shift in Africa’s geopolitical landscape. Chad’s decision to diversify its military partnerships by turning to China, while maintaining ties with Russia and the UAE, highlights its intention to assert itself as a strategic actor on the global stage. This development could inspire other African nations to reassess their alliances and seek new sources of security supplies, in a world where geopolitical dynamics are increasingly polarised.
